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This unit will analyze how the Crusades, launched from Medieval Europe to claim the Holy Land, were portrayed in the film Kingdom of Heaven (Ridley Scott, USA, 2005). By studying the Crusades, my students will not only develop an understanding of medieval history and cross-cultural interaction, but also be able to see the impact of historicalThe crusades Mrs.Fields 2.03 By itocruz0920 | Updated: Oct. 18, 2014, 8:23 p.m. Loading... Slideshow Movie. At the moment Powtoon presentations are unable to play on devices that don't support Flash.The current crusade, symbolically placing the foremost spokesman for Christian virtue in a city often renowned for vice, comes in a period of challenge for the Billy Graham Association and for theView 02.03 The Crusades (2)..docx from HISTORY 130 at Florida Virtual School. Write a total of 10 posts. Your updates should be thorough, contain enough information to be interesting,02.03 The Crusades Trinity Brittain Instructions: Keep the world updated on what is happening in ten short posts. Post I: The crusades began when the people of the different monotheistic religions of the world fought for the Holy Land. The land is located between three continents which are the locations of some of the first important landmarks in the world.

Powtoon - The crusades Mrs.Fields 2.03

02.03 The Crusades Monday, October 22, 2012 The benifits of the crusade 10 of 10!02.03 The Crusades; You are currently using guest access . World History v12 (GS)Pope Urban II (Latin: Urbanus II; c. 1035 - 29 July 1099), otherwise known as Odo of Châtillon or Otho de Lagery, was the head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 12 March 1088 to his death. He is best known for initiating the Crusades.. Pope Urban was a native of France, and was a descendant of a noble family from the French commune of Châtillon-sur-Marne.02.03 The Crusades: Assessment Historians have learned a great deal about the Crusades from chroniclers like William of Tyre and Ibn al-Qalanisi. Today, reporters and newscasters travel all over the world to report on international events, including conflicts.

Billy Graham's Latest Crusade: Preaching Gospel in Las

Palmeri said Cheney needs to get out in her district because "this is a crusade for Trump now." She went on to say that the residents were repeating talking points from the QAnon conspiracy theory as if they were "gospel," and that this was a bad sign for Cheney's chances in the primary election in 2022.The story of the crusades is an exceptional blend of idealism and barbarity, even by the standards of other holy wars. In the 11th century Europe is growing in confidence and wealth. The destructive raids of Vikings have ended, as the raiders themselves settle - in Normandy, Sicily and the British Isles.Start studying 02.03 The Crusades. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.02.03 The Crusades Assessment Megan Denny World History The Crusades 02.03 Mr. Ochwat02.03 The Crusades: Assessment Historians have learned a great deal about the Crusades from chroniclers like William of Tyre and Ibn al-Qalanisi. Today, reporters and newscasters travel all over the world to report on international events, including conflicts.

The background: 11th century Many different factors contribute to certainly one of the strangest threads in western medieval history. The story of the crusades is an outstanding blend of idealism and barbarity, even via the standards of different holy wars.

In the 11th century Europe is growing in self belief and wealth. The damaging raids of Vikings have ended, as the raiders themselves settle - in Normandy, Sicily and the British Isles. But through the identical token the secular rulers of the time are assured, boisterous, unruly. Papal Rome is engaged in a long-term try to put up them to ecclesiastical authority. Involving them in a warfare for Christianity, underneath papal control, seems to provide a neat solution.

The idea of a campaign is already a lot in the air on account of traits in Spain. The Spanish Christians have not too long ago made speedy growth in their long try to reconquer their peninsula from the Muslims, and have then suffered similarly speedy reverses - in a sequence of conflicts that have made El Cid something of a paragon as a Christian warrior.

The century additionally brings a provocation suggesting the need for a crusade to the Middle East. For centuries pilgrims from Europe have plodded slowly but safely via Byzantine Anatolia on their approach to Jerusalem. But in 1071 the Turks defeat a Byzantine army at Manzikert and start to occupy the complete area east of Constantinople. The pilgrim routes are now not safe.

Emotive appeals: 1095-1096 In March 1095 the pope, Urban II, is keeping a council of his bishops at Piacenza. It is attended by ambassadors from Constantinople. When the pope lets them cope with the meeting, they make a passionate attraction for Christian infantrymen to come and lend a hand the Byzantine emperor, Alexios I, in his struggles in opposition to the Turks. Everyone is inspired.

This seems to were a seminal second in inspiring the pope with an ambitious new idea. In November of the same 12 months, at another council (this time at Clermont), Urban takes the issue a the most important step further. Word is spread that on November 27 he'll make a perfect announcement. A platform is about up in a box outdoor the town gate. A big crowd assembles. The pope rises to address them.

He describes a pitiful state of affairs in the holiest puts of Christendom, now in the arms of the Turks. Pilgrims are persecuted or even avoided from attaining the shrines. He urges Christians, wealthy and deficient alike, to march east to recuperate Jerusalem. He contrasts the poverty and squabbling of lifestyles in Europe with a picture of a promised land of prosperity and peace. He even provides a new inducement - a plenary indulgence to all who participate. (An indulgence saves the sinner some of the ache of Purgatory, with a plenary one promising greater remission.)

Crusaders will have to be in a position, says the pope, to leave their homes in the late summer season of 1096 (after the harvest is in). They must make their approach to Constantinople, the place a Christian military will assemble.

The pope's appeal meets with a extra enthusiastic reaction than he could have anticipated. During 1096 several nice feudal lords of France, Normandy, Flanders and Italy collect armies and march east with them. At the similar time disorganized bands of the underprivileged, inspired via widespread preachers, activate up the Rhine and along the Danube in the hope of a better existence.

The largest of those groups, following Peter the Hermit (a scruffy but charismatic outdated monk on a donkey), amounts to a few 20,000 folks. They go away Cologne in May and reach Constantinople in July. Meanwhile, at house in Germany, the excuse of crusading is getting used to perpetrate a bloodbath of the native Jews.

The German campaign and the Jews: 1096 No nice feudal lord in Germany solutions the pope's call to head on crusade. Instead 3 lesser figures collect huge bands of easy German pilgrims after which inflame them with hatred of the Jews in their own communities - the use of the argument that earlier than going to punish the Muslims who have seized Christ's sepulchre in Jerusalem, it is smart to punish the Jews, nearer at hand, whose ancestors are held chargeable for his precise death.

In Spier in early May, in Worms and Mainz later in the month, and in Cologne, Trier and Metz in June, communities of Jews are seized and massacred by means of crusaders on their approach east.

Prague is reached at the finish of June and the town's Jews are killed. In a majority of these places the native bishops make efforts to give protection to the Jewish population, however they turn out not able to take action. The king of Hungary, Kálmán, displays better resolve.

Each of the three German crusading rabbles tries to makes its way onwards via Hungary. Kálmán at first makes an attempt to offer them peaceful passage, but they quickly impress violence - after which the Hungarian military annihilates all 3 groups. Many 1000's of Jews and Christians die in Europe in this first summer season of the first campaign. It is an ominous setback to the crusading supreme.

From Constantinople to Antioch: 1097-1099 By April 1097 the various crusading groups are able to advance together from Constantinople. They are accompanied at this stage by way of a Byzantine army, for the first job is to clear a path thru Anatolia - lately seized from the Byzantines by the Seljuk Turks.

The immediate target, on the subject of hand, is the Seljuk capital in the heavily fortified Byzantine the city of Nicaea. After a siege it is taken, in June, and restored to the Byzantine emperor. The military moves on. Four months later, after a number of battles with the Turks and widespread quarrels amongst the crusaders themselves, the crossing of Anatolia is achieved. By October 20 the army is outside Antioch.

Antioch delays the crusaders' advance on Jerusalem by means of greater than a 12 months. For seven months the strongly fortified city (taken by the Turks from the Byzantines as lately as 1085) holds out in opposition to the crusaders' siege. They sooner or later take it, in June 1098, thanks to an act of treachery. An Armenian Muslim in the town is bribed to open a window top in a tower. Crusaders climb in just before morning time and open the gates. Christians in the city join the crusaders in massacring each Turk, no longer excluding the ladies and kids. But this assistance does no longer save the native Christians from having their own houses looted, at the side of the ones of all the Muslims of Antioch.

Then six months are spent in discussing what to do next.

The crusaders' agreement with the Byzantine emperor specifies that Antioch shall be returned to Byzantine rule. This is quickly discounted. It will remain in crusader palms. The six-month delay is brought about by means of jockeying for place between the leaders of the campaign, each of them mindful that the time has arrived when territories is also received for themselves and their heirs. In the event Bohemund, a member of the Norman dynasty of southern Italy, remains together with his followers in Antioch. His descendants stay the princes of Antioch for nearly two centuries, until 1268.

The remainder of the crusaders continue southwards in January 1099. By June they are outside the walls of Jerusalem.

The Christian recovery of Jerusalem: 1099 Although Palestine and Syria were in Muslim fingers since the seventh century, a lot of the population are nonetheless Christian. Moreover the area has lately been fought over by means of two rival Muslim powers, the Seljuk Turks and the Fatimid dynasty of Egypt. In these circumstances there is an element of welcome for the crusaders.

On June 7 they reach their destination, arriving out of doors the mighty walls of Jerusalem. The city is at this time held through the Fatimids. In the warmth of the summer the crusaders toil for five weeks construction two huge siege towers. Finally, in mid-July, they push them into position. On July 15 they breach the partitions.

The ensuing bloodbath of the Muslims and the Jews of Jerusalem shocks even medieval public opionion. The best Muslims to escape are the garrison of the major keep of the city, the tower of David. For a large amount of treasure they're allowed to go away unharmed.

All different Muslims are slaughtered anywhere they is also, in streets or homes or holy places. Many lock themselves in one of their holiest shrines, the al-Aqsa mosque. Crusaders force the door and slay them. The Jews undergo a identical destiny after they take safe haven in their leader synagogue. It is burnt with them all within. One of the crusaders describes those scenes in Jerusalem as a 'just and beautiful Judgement of God'.

The Latin kingdom of Jerusalem: 12th century With the respectable function of the campaign achieved, in the recovery of Jerusalem and the Holy Sepulchre, attention turns to an issue of at least equivalent concern to a lot of the crusaders - the best way to identify feudal kingdoms in the captured territories, with fiefs of land disbursed to nobles and their followers in due degree.

The management of Palestine and Syria evolves over the next ten years, as more areas are annexed. By 1109 the region is composed of 4 feudal states. Jerusalem is a kingdom, whose king is owed allegiance by means of the different 3 rulers. Antioch is a principality. Tripoli and Edessa are counties, the fiefs of hereditary counts.

These regions shape a continual strip along the east Mediterranean. The coastal towns have the benefit of greater business as ships from Venice, Genoa and Barcelona arrive with supplies, reinforcements and pilgrims. They go back home with the pilgrims and a shipment of jap items for the markets of the west.

Enabling pilgrims to achieve the holy puts of Palestine has been one in every of the main functions of the crusade. Protecting pilgrims from illness or attack is observed as the most important process for the crusaders once they're in Palestine (the place they turn into known as the Franks, since the majority are French or Norman and their language is French). These tasks suggested the founding of two well-known orders of knighthood, the Knights of St John and the Templars.

The years sooner than the fall of Edessa: 1099-1144 In the early years of the Latin kingdom the crusaders establish themselves in Palestine extra securely than may had been expected. The Fatimids of Egypt assault Jerusalem in 1105 however are repelled. Thereafter the Latin kingdom turns out to calm down as one power amongst many in an unsettled region, participating in the endemic native battle however now not in any fanatically sectarian mood. Nor are the neighbouring states specifically infected towards the Christians, regardless of the crusaders' appalling treatment of Muslim Jerusalem.

One exception to this unexpected temper of tolerance is the Turkish governor of Mosul.

Zangi, the governor of Mosul, is a Mameluke appointed to his position in 1127 via the Seljuk Turks. He immediately begins to increase his energy westwards, taking Aleppo in 1128. Recognizing that the presence of the crusaders can be utilized to unify the Muslims of this fragmented region below his own management, he urges a jihad in opposition to the intruders. The Arabic phrase method any battle on behalf of Islam, the extreme type of which is a holy conflict.

From Aleppo, Zangi is well placed to threaten the elongated line of crusader states at a susceptible level between Antioch and Edessa. But first he tries to make a more direct advance on Jerusalem, through Damascus.

Zangi fails to take Damascus, which is held by means of an independent Muslim dynasty, however in the end he strikes, in 1144, in opposition to Edessa. After a four-week siege the town falls to him, quickly followed via the remainder of this northern crusader territory. Zangi's campaign breaks the Christian barrier which for part a century has separated the Turks of Iran from the Turks of Anatolia.

The Muslims of the Middle East find a new sense of goal, whilst the lack of Edessa causes consternation in western Christendom. The pope preaches a 2d crusade, urging the kings and princes of Europe to visit the defence of their colleagues in the east.

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